netcdf icon/CH3CN/BBE/MACCity/R2B06_0016/ART_BBE_iconR2B06-grid-1961-05-01-00_0016.nc {
  dimensions:
    ncells = 327680;
    vertices = 3;
    time = UNLIMITED;   // (1 currently)
  variables:
    double clon(ncells=327680);
      :standard_name = "longitude";
      :long_name = "center longitude";
      :units = "radian";
      :bounds = "clon_bnds";

    double clon_bnds(ncells=327680, vertices=3);

    double clat(ncells=327680);
      :standard_name = "latitude";
      :long_name = "center latitude";
      :units = "radian";
      :bounds = "clat_bnds";

    double clat_bnds(ncells=327680, vertices=3);

    double time(time=1);
      :standard_name = "time";
      :units = "days since 1850-1-1 00:00:00";
      :calendar = "standard";
      :axis = "T";

    float emiss_gra(time=1, ncells=327680);
      :long_name = "savanna and grassland fire emissions of acetonitrile (CH3CN)";
      :units = "kg m-2 s-1";
      :code = 12; // int
      :grid_type = "unstructured";
      :number_of_grid_in_reference = 1; // int
      :coordinates = "clat clon";
      :_FillValue = -8.9999998E15f; // float
      :missing_value = -8.9999998E15f; // float

    float emiss_for(time=1, ncells=327680);
      :long_name = "forest fire emissions of acetonitrile (CH3CN)";
      :units = "kg m-2 s-1";
      :code = 11; // int
      :grid_type = "unstructured";
      :number_of_grid_in_reference = 1; // int
      :coordinates = "clat clon";
      :_FillValue = -8.9999998E15f; // float
      :missing_value = -8.9999998E15f; // float

  // global attributes:
  :CDI = "Climate Data Interface version 1.6.5.1 (http://code.zmaw.de/projects/cdi)";
  :Conventions = "CF-1.5";
  :number_of_grid_used = 16; // int
  :uuidOfHGrid = "6bd687a0-1dd3-11b2-9399-f117ec0ad4d5";
  :institution = "Dataset created by Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH (Research Center Juelich), IEK-8,Germany";
  :prepicon_conversion_tool = "version $Rev: 763 $";
  :history = "Sat Jun 25 00:59:59 2016: cdo -s seltimestep,5 tmp_remapped.nc tmp.nc\n\n2012-12-02: added metadata and made data format CF-compliant, Angelika Heil\n2008-11-11: creation of ACCMIP MACCity biomass burning data by Angelika Heil";
  :source = "The ACCMIP MACCity biomass burning emission dataset contains monthly mean global forest and grassland/savanna fire emissions with explicit interannual variability for the period 1960 to 2008. These are the original data used to construct the decadal monthly mean ACCMIP (Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project) biomass burning emissions described in Lamarque et al. (2010). \nThe ACCMIP dataset provides 0.5 degree horizontally gridded emission estimates for 10 anthropogenic sectors and 2 biomass burning categories for the years 1850 to 2000 as decadal monthly means. The dataset represents a best guess emission estimate constructed from a harmonised combination of existing regional and global inventories. \n\nThe methodology and the original data sources used to construct this ACCMIP MACCity biomass burning emission dataset are described in Lamarque et al. (2010). The biomass burning emission dataset for the years 1997 to 2008 has been prepared from the GFEDv2 inventory (Global Fire Emissions Database, Version 2), described in van der Werf et al. (2006), while the years 1960 to 1996 have been prepared from the RETRO wildland fire emission inventory (version 2), described in Schultz et al. (2008). Both inventories provide monthly mean gridded global data on the amount of biomass burned by forest (tropical and extratropical) and savannah fires and derived emission estimates. The ACCMIP MACCity biomass burning emissions were calculated from the monthly biomass burned estimates by applying fuel-type specific emission factors from Andreae and Merlet (2001, with updates until 2008), a biomass carbon content of 45% and the GFEDv2 predominant vegetation cover map. Emissions from burning of peat soils are also explicitly taking into account. The parameterisation is described in Lamarque et al. (2010). Information on the fractional distribution of peat soils is taken from the FAO (2003) WRB Map of World Soil Resources. Peat-fire specific emission factors published by Christian et al. (2003) are applied, which, for species such as CO, NH3, CH4 and SO2 yield distinctively higher emissions per unit mass biomass burned than forest or savannah fires. On the other hand, the peat-fire emission factors for e.g. BC, OC and NOX are lower. The inclusion of peat fires may thus lead to significant regional differences in the estimated emission when compared to the original GFEDv2 or RETROv2 inventory.\nFor the compilation of the ACCMIP MACCity biomass burning emissions inventory, the original spatiotemporal patterns of biomass carbon burned in the RETRO inventory have been improved (redistributed) in the RETRO regions Contig. USA, C-America, S-America, NH Africa, SH Africa, India, Continent. Southeastasia and Australia. A monthly fire climatology derived from the GFEDv2 data (mean over years 1997 to 2006) was used to redistribute in space and time the regional annual total carbon emissions of each of these regions. For the RETRO region Siberia and Mongolia, the redistribution was done using combined information from the GFEDv2 monthly climatology and monthly Fire Danger Index (FDI) maps for the period. The original spatiotemporal carbon emission patterns of Alaska, Canada, Europe and Indonesia remained unchanged.\nThe ACCMIP MACCity biomass burning emissions for the years 1960 to 1996 consists of a combination of fire climatologies and observed fire activity. Dependent on the region, actual fire events may therefore not be represented in these data.  \n\nThe ACCMIP MACCity biomass burning emission dataset is included and described in the intercomparison study of emission inventories conducted by Granier et al. (2011).\nThe ACCMIP MACCity anthropogenic emission data are available via the ECCAD GEIA database (http://eccad.sedoo.fr), see also  http://accent.aero.jussieu.fr/MACC_metadata.php.\n\nThe ACCMIP MACCity biomass burning emissions are also incorporated into the AEROCOM-II ACCMIP hindcast emission source files available at http://aerocom.met.no/download/emissions/AEROCOM-II-ACCMIP/ (see also Diehl et al. (2012)). The AEROCOM-II ACCMIP source files comprise emissions for the species CO, CH4, NH3, SO2, BC, OC and NOx. This means that the AEROCOM-II ACCMIP biomass burning emissions of these species for the period 1960 to 2008 are identical with those contained in this repository for the period 1960 to 2008.";
  :title = "ACCMIP MACCity Biomass Burning Emissions";
  :comment = "ACCMIP emission data of CH3CN only available for biomass burning sectors.";
  :references = "\n    Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 955-966, doi:10.1029/2000GB001382, 2001.\n\n    Christian, T. J., Kleiss, B., Yokelson, R. J., Holzinger, R., Crutzen, P. J., Hao, W. M., Saharjo, B. H., and Ward, D. E.: Comprehensive laboratory measurements of biomass-burning emissions: 1. Emissions from Indonesian, African, and other fuels, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4719, doi:10.1029/2003JD003704, 2003.\n\n    Diehl, T., Heil, A., Chin, M., Pan, X., Streets, D., Schultz, M., and Kinne, S.: Anthropogenic, biomass burning, and volcanic emissions of black carbon, organic carbon, and SO2 from 1980 to 2010 for hindcast model experiments, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 24895-24954, doi:10.5194/acpd-12-24895-2012, 2012.\n\n    FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization): WRB (World Reference Base) Map of World Soil Resources. Land and Water Development Division AGL, http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/soilres.stm, last access: 16 February 2010, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 2003.\n\n    Granier, C., Bessagnet, B., Bond, T., D.Angiola, A., van der Gon, H. D., Frost, G. J., Heil, A., Kaiser, J. W., Kinne, S., Klimont, Z., Kloster, S., Lamarque, J.-F., Liousse, C., Masui, T., Meleux, F., Mieville, A., Ohara, T., Raut, J. C., Riahi, K., Schultz, M. G., Smith, S. J., Thompson, A., van Aardenne, J., van der Werf, G. R., and van Vuuren, D. P.: Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period, Climatic Change, 109, 163-190, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1, 2011.\n\n    Lamarque, J.-F., Bond, T. C., Eyring, V., Granier, C., Heil, A., Klimont, Z., Lee, D., Liousse, C., Mieville, A., Owen, B., Schultz, M. G., Shindell, D., Smith, S. J., Stehfest, E., Van Aardenne, J., Cooper, O. R., Kainuma, M., Mahowald, N., McConnell, J. R., Naik, V., Riahi, K., and van Vuuren, D. P.: Historical (1850-2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7017-7039, doi:10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010, 2010.\n\n    Schultz, M. G., Heil, A., Hoelzemann, J. J., Spessa, A., Thonicke, K., Goldammer, J., Held, A. C., Pereira, J. M., and van het Bolscher, M.: Global Wildland Fire Emissions from 1960 to 2000, Global Biogeochem. Cyc., 22, GB2002, doi:10.1029/2007GB003031, 2008.\n\n    van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., Collatz, G. J., Kasibhatla, P. S., and Arellano Jr., A. F.: Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3423-3441, doi:10.5194/acp-6-3423-2006, 2006. ";
  :contact = "Angelika Heil, a.heil@fz-juelich.de; Martin G. Schultz, m.schultz@fz-juelich.de";
  :CDO = "Climate Data Operators version 1.6.5.1 (http://code.zmaw.de/projects/cdo)";
}